Spain Eliminates Permanent ID Cards Under New EU Biometric Standards
Spain confirmed on October 17, 2025, that all permanent National Identity Cards (DNI) must be renewed by August 3, 2031, marking the end of lifetime validity ID cards. The change affects millions of Spanish citizens over age 70 and individuals with severe disabilities who previously received cards without expiration dates.
The transition implements EU Regulation 2019/1157, which standardizes identity card formats across all member states and mandates enhanced biometric security features. This represents one of the most significant updates to European identity documents in the past decade.
Key Changes to Spanish National ID Cards
The new DNI 4.0 introduces several security enhancements that align with international standards. Here's what's changing:
- Biometric Data Storage: All new cards contain embedded fingerprints and facial recognition data on a secure chip, making forgery virtually impossible
- Expiration Date Display: Cards for citizens over 70 now show "01-01-9999" instead of "permanent," symbolizing lifetime validity while meeting EU formatting requirements
- Digital Functionality: New cards enable online identity verification, digital document signing, and access to government e-services through the MiDNI mobile app
- Enhanced Security Features: Updated cards include contactless NFC technology, holographic elements, and encrypted data storage compliant with ICAO standards
- Photo Requirements: Facial photographs must meet strict biometric specifications similar to passport photo requirements for accurate facial recognition
The regulation particularly affects ID cards issued between 1990 and 2006, many of which lack biometric data or modern security features. These older documents pose security risks and don't comply with current international travel standards.
Who Is Affected by Spain's ID Card Update
The transition impacts several million Spanish citizens and residents. Understanding whether you need to act now depends on your specific situation.
For Spanish Citizens Over Age 70
If you hold a permanent DNI card, you must renew it before August 3, 2031, regardless of when it was issued. The new card will include biometric data collection requiring fingerprints and a compliant facial photograph. Schedule your appointment early, as demand typically surges near deadlines.
For Individuals with Recognized Disabilities
Those who received permanent cards due to severe disability status must also complete the renewal process by 2031. The application accommodates special needs with priority appointments and accessibility services at police stations nationwide.
For UK Expats and EU Residents in Spain
Foreign residents holding Spanish biometric residence cards (TIE) should verify their documents meet current EU standards. From December 31, 2025, all national ID cards used for UK entry must comply with ICAO biometric specifications, affecting travel between Spain and Britain.
How to Renew Your Spanish ID Card - Step by Step
Follow this straightforward process to obtain your new biometric DNI card:
- Schedule an Appointment: Book online through the National Police website or call your local police station to reserve a renewal slot at least 2-3 weeks in advance
- Gather Required Documents: Bring your current DNI, birth certificate, proof of residence, and one recent passport-style photograph meeting biometric specifications (ensure your photo meets requirements using services like VisaPics)
- Attend Biometric Data Collection: Visit the police station for fingerprint scanning and digital facial photograph capture—the process typically takes 15-20 minutes
- Pay the Renewal Fee: Submit payment at the appointment (fees vary by age and disability status, with many seniors receiving discounted or free renewals)
- Receive Your New Card: Collect your DNI 4.0 within 7-10 business days, or request home delivery in some provinces for an additional fee
Important Dates and Timeline for EU ID Card Transition
Mark these critical deadlines to ensure compliance with new biometric ID requirements:
- August 2, 2021: EU harmonized identity card model became standard across member states under Regulation 2019/1157
- December 31, 2025: UK begins requiring ICAO-compliant biometric ID cards for entry; non-biometric EU cards no longer accepted for UK travel
- January 2026: Switzerland introduces biometric ID cards following updates to Swiss-EU bilateral agreements on free movement
- August 3, 2031: Final deadline for all non-compliant ID cards across EU member states—any older cards become completely invalid after this date
- 2031 (Ongoing): Spain phases out all permanent DNI cards as renewals complete nationwide transition to DNI 4.0 system
Frequently Asked Questions
What Happens If I Don't Renew My Permanent ID Card by 2031?
Your permanent DNI becomes invalid after August 3, 2031, and cannot be used for any official purposes including domestic travel, banking, healthcare access, or government services. You'll need to complete the renewal process before this date to avoid disruptions. Starting the process early prevents last-minute complications and lengthy wait times.
Can I Use My Old ID Card for International Travel?
It depends on your destination and card issue date. For UK travel, you'll need an ICAO-compliant biometric card starting December 31, 2025. Most EU countries currently accept older cards, but airlines and border authorities increasingly require biometric documents for security screening. Check specific country requirements before booking international trips.
What Photo Requirements Apply to the New Biometric ID Cards?
Your photo must meet strict ICAO biometric standards: white or light-colored background, neutral expression, eyes open and visible, no glasses or head coverings (except religious reasons), and specific dimension requirements. The photo must be recent (within 6 months) and professional quality to ensure accurate facial recognition. Using a specialized passport photo service ensures your application isn't rejected due to photo non-compliance.
What You Need to Know About Europe's ID Card Modernization
The EU's biometric ID card transition represents a fundamental shift toward enhanced security and digital identity verification across all member states. Spain's elimination of permanent cards aligns with this broader European strategy to prevent identity fraud and streamline cross-border movement.
Don't wait until the 2031 deadline approaches—renew your ID card during the next scheduled replacement cycle to avoid processing delays. Ensure your passport photo meets current biometric requirements to prevent application rejections, and consider digital ID options like Spain's MiDNI app for convenient online verification while traveling or accessing government services.